Oracle笔记
2010年9月10日 06:11
“如果使用专用服务器连接，会在USER_DUMP_DEST参数指定的目录中生成跟踪文件。如果使用共享服务器连接，则在BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST参数指定的目录中生成跟踪文件。”
网上来的，这句话似乎是有问题的，因为我的测试数据库自安装起就是用专用服务器连接，但是BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST依旧有大量Trace文件。还是“bdump是有关后台进程的trace,udump是有关用户的”更正确些。
Oracle笔记
2010年9月10日 05:08
alter database backup controlfile to trace;
虽然曾经说过凡是“alter database”的都不能在数据库打开的情况下修改memory，但是这句语句似乎是例外。输入后，trace文件即生成在了$ORACLE_BASE/admin/<sid>/bdump下，可以通过时间（Linux命令： ll -t）去寻找这个文件，打开就可以找到控制文件的恢复SQL语句，似乎还有两个版本，一个NORESETLOGS版本和一次RESETLOGS版本。
/*NORESETLOGS版本*/
STARTUP NOMOUNT //这里没分号？大概startup语句就是不加分号的。
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 '/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',
'/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf',
'/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',
'/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf',
'/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
;
/*RESETLOGS版本*/
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 '/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',
'/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf',
'/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',
'/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf',
'/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
;
Oracle笔记
2010年9月10日 04:25
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; //开启控制文件自动备份
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN> backup database spfile include current controlfile plus archivelog;
/*备份归档日志，由于命令中带有plus archivelog，因此手动备份归档日志*/
Starting backup at 09-SEP-10
current log archived //当前日志归档
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=143 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=4 recid=1 stamp=729289389
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-SEP-10
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-SEP-10
piece handle=/home/oracle/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2010_09_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20100909T202309_68knfh2s_.bkp tag=TAG20100909T202309 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished backup at 09-SEP-10
/*备份数据文件，控制文件和服务器参数文件*/
Starting backup at 09-SEP-10
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-SEP-10
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-SEP-10
piece handle=/home/oracle/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2010_09_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20100909T202312_68knfjll_.bkp tag=TAG20100909T202312 comment=NONE //数据文件备份位置
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
including current SPFILE in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-SEP-10
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-SEP-10
piece handle=/home/oracle/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2010_09_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20100909T202312_68knk68q_.bkp tag=TAG20100909T202312 comment=NONE //控制文件和服务器参数文件位置
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
Finished backup at 09-SEP-10
/*归档日志再次被备份，事后查看备份文件，发现第一次归档备份文件大小是第二次的数百倍，可能因为是Open Backup，数据库在备份期间生成了重做日志，因此需要再次备份，证据就是Close Backup的时候不会有第二次备份归档日志，他会显示：specification does not match any archive log in the recovery catalog backup cancelled because all files were skipped*/
Starting backup at 09-SEP-10
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=5 recid=2 stamp=729289512
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 09-SEP-10
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 09-SEP-10
piece handle=/home/oracle/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2010_09_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20100909T202512_68knk991_.bkp tag=TAG20100909T202512 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished backup at 09-SEP-10
/*由于之前开启了自动备份控制文件和服务器参数文件，因此他们再次被备份*/
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 09-SEP-10
piece handle=/home/oracle/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2010_09_09/o1_mf_s_729289514_68knkby5_.bkp comment=NONE //注意不是放在backupset文件夹下面，而是放在autobackup文件夹下面
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 09-SEP-10
/*
备份完毕，共五个文件，四个在backupset文件夹下，一个在autobackup文件夹下
从上述文字可知，如果开启控制文件自动备份，那么只要发生备份，控制文件和服务器参数文件必然会自动备份，无论备份命令中是否已经显式的要求备份他们了，且自动备份的位置是在autobackup文件夹下。
控制文件和服务器参数文件总备份在一起。
只要要求备份归档日志（即plus archivelog），归档日志就会有两次备份，分别存储在两个文件下。
*/